How much tonnage or force can I get from my log splitter or hydraulic press?

The tonnage (force) you can generate from a log splitter or hydraulic press depends mainly on two factors: hydraulic pressure and piston surface area. Understanding how these work together allows you to accurately calculate your machine’s true output.

How do you calculate hydraulic force?

The force produced by a hydraulic cylinder is calculated using a simple formula:

Force is typically measured in pounds (lbs) or tonnes.
Pressure is measured in PSI (or Bar).
Piston area is measured in square inches (or square centimetres).

Example calculation

A hydraulic log splitter operating at 3,000 PSI with a piston area of 5 square inches will generate:

This demonstrates how both pressure and piston size directly affect total output force.

Other factors that influence tonnage

1. Cylinder bore size
   A larger bore increases piston surface area, allowing more force to be generated at the same pressure.
2. Stroke length
   Stroke length doesn’t directly affect tonnage, but longer strokes allow you to split or press larger materials.
3. Flow rate
   Flow rate determines speed, not force. Higher flow increases cycle speed but does not increase tonnage.
4. Pressure relief valve settings
   If the relief valve is set too low, the system cannot reach its maximum force potential.
5. Hydraulic fluid condition
   Contaminated or incorrect oil reduces efficiency and can limit performance.
6. Mechanical efficiency
   Friction and component wear reduce usable force. Proper maintenance helps maximise true output.

Maximising your log splitter or press performance

To achieve full tonnage potential:

• Ensure the cylinder bore matches your required force output.
• Confirm your pump and system pressure ratings are appropriate.
• Maintain clean hydraulic oil and replace filters regularly.
• Verify relief valve settings are correctly calibrated.

Always consult manufacturer specifications before increasing pressure or modifying components to avoid damage or safety risks.

You can also use an online force calculator from Cicrosa, specialists in designing and manufacturing hydraulic cylinders.